Start with Ender's Game (1985), then continue the Ender Saga: Speaker for the Dead, Xenocide, Children of the Mind. The parallel Shadow Saga (beginning with Ender's Shadow) can be read alongside or after the main series — Ender's Shadow covers the same events as Ender's Game from Bean's perspective. Most readers recommend finishing the main Ender Saga first.
There are 4 books in the main Ender Saga and 5 books in the Shadow Saga — 9 novels total in the main Ender universe. There are also short story collections and the First Formic War trilogy (co-written with Aaron Johnston) set before Ender's Game. The core reading experience is the original Ender Saga (4 books) or just Ender's Game on its own — it works as a standalone.
Yes — Ender's Game works completely as a standalone. The ending is fully resolved. The sequels (Speaker for the Dead onwards) jump 3,000 years into the future and are very different in tone — more philosophical, slower, and concerned with alien anthropology. Many readers love Ender's Game and find the sequels too different; others consider Speaker for the Dead the better book.
Ender's Game is widely taught in middle and high schools in the US. The content is appropriate for ages 11–12 and up — there is violence (particularly in the bullying scenes and the war game), but it's not graphic. The ethical themes about war, manipulation, and what makes a person a hero make it valuable reading for that age group.